锡林郭勒草原区降水量的时空变化规律分析

以锡林郭勒盟15个气象站点1981～2007年的年均降水量数据为基础,在Arcgis软件的支持下,得到年均降水量空间数据,对年降水量的时空变化规律进行分析。研究结果表明:以年代为时间单位分析,锡林郭勒盟大部分地区年均降水量以20世纪90年代最为丰沛;进入21世纪以后,锡林郭勒盟整个区域的年均降水量呈现显著下降的态势,<300-400mm的降水量区域已经难以形成连续的区带;从1981到2007年,锡林郭勒盟绝大部分地区年均降水量呈现减少的趋势;降水量的年均增长率在空间分布上呈现条带状,自东北向西南递变;标准差的分析表明,降水量年际波动表现出自西向东递增的规律。     

玛曲县鼠害草地综合治理途径的研究

本试验设在玛曲县鼠害危害严重的高寒草甸草地上，进行毒饵灭鼠、补播和封育等防治鼠害综合试验研究。结果表明，毒饵灭鼠防治效果好，在短期能抑制鼠害发生，灭鼠 封育 补播能达到生态灭鼠的目的，可以尽快恢复植被，是治理鼠荒地的有效途径。     

关于建设具有青海高寒牧区特色的设施畜牧业探讨

根据青海高寒牧区畜牧业生态环境特点和草原基础设施建设状况,结合青海省草原生态环境建设、牧业防灾抗灾、发展高效畜牧业等实际情况,探讨性地提出了建设与发展具有青藏高原牧区特色的设施畜牧业的思路与模式。     

高山草地不同经济类群植物地上生物量和总磷量积累的季节动态

为了系统测定高山草地不同经济群植物地上干物质积累的季节动态规律，用“收获法”测定其地上干物质积累量，用“钼锑抗比色法”测定其含磷量，结果表明：高山草地禾本科草类，莎草类，杂类草和毒草地上干物质量与总磷量积累的季节变化趋势相吻合，均呈单峰曲线。禾本科学草类峰值出现于９月初，莎草类，杂类草和毒草峰值出于８月初，禾草类，莎草类，杂类草和毒草四个经济类群植物地上干物质积累的峰值别为１９２９．７，１１７７．     

五种高禾草在高寒地区旱作条件下的牧草产量分析

对青海省牧草良种繁殖场所选育的5份材料;在干旱地区旱作条件下进行牧草生产性能分析试验。结果表明,供试材料产量间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。其中,多叶老芒麦>无芒雀麦>粉绿披碱草>短芒老芒麦>扁穗冰草;所有供试材料在建植后,其牧草产量年际变幅较大,无芒雀麦变异系数相对最大。牧草产量的年际变化同时受生长季内的6～8月降水量的影响,但建植后则主要受生长年限的影响。就牧草适应性和稳产性而言,披碱草属的多叶老芒麦、粉绿披碱草最好;短芒老芒麦、扁穗冰草次之,而无芒雀麦虽表现高产,但稳产性最差。因此,在5种供试材料中除无芒雀麦外其它材料对我省高寒草地建设,退耕还草和生态治理工程的实施有一定的推广和利用价值。     

荒漠草原新害虫——无翅大头粪金龟药剂防治试验研究

本文是在对荒漠草原新害虫——无翅大头粪金龟(Lethrus apterus)生物学特性和生态特征研究的基础上,进行的药剂防治试验研究报告。在不同浓度的对比试验中,筛选出1:1500—2000倍稀释的40%乐果乳油防虫效果好、费用低;提出防治时期为5月底到7月初,而最适防治时间是为害盛期前夕,即山丹地区为6月5日～10日;确定防治指标为0.4头/米~2,而经济允许损失水平为8.08%。此研究成果经6667公顷草地上示范推广,防虫效果达92.4%,年减少牧草损失为15730吨鲜草,取得了良好的经济效益。     

甘肃高山细毛羊产业状况与发展方向及对策

甘肃是我国重要的畜牧业基地,甘肃高山细毛羊有着独特的生态、资源优势和悠久的发展历史,是甘肃省畜牧业的重要组成部分,也是少数民族地区的优势产业。论文对甘肃省细毛羊产业的发展,对甘肃高山细毛羊育种历史回顾、现状分析、发展方向及对策与发展建议等进行阐述。     

Response of ecosystem respiration to warming and grazing during the growing seasons in the alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau

Intensive studies reveal that there is much uncertainty regarding how ecosystem and soil respiration will respond to warming and grazing, especially in the alpine meadow ecosystem. We conducted a first of its kind field-manipulative warming and grazing experiment in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau to determine the effects of warming and grazing on ecosystem and soil respiration for 3-years, from 2006 to 2008. Generally, warming and grazing did not affect seasonal average ecosystem respiration (Re), and there was no interaction between grazing and warming. However, they significantly affected the Re early in the growing season and by the end of the growing season. Warming significantly increased seasonal average soil respiration (Rs) by 9.2%, whereas the difference mainly resulted from data gathered early in the growing season, before June 2007. Positive correlations between soil temperature and Re and Rs were observed, and soil temperature explained 63-83% of seasonal Re variations during the 3-year study and 19-34% of Rs variations in 2007. Seasonal Re in 2008 and Rs in 2007 were slightly negatively correlated to soil moisture, but interannual average Re decreased with a decrease in precipitation for all treatments. Warming and grazing reduced the Q₁₀ value of Re in 2007 and 2008 but did not affect the Q₁₀ value of Rs. The Q₁₀ values of Rs were much lower than the Q₁₀ values of Re in 2007. These results suggest that grazing may reduce the temperature sensitivity of Re and that Re was mainly controlled by soil temperature rather than moisture which varied with timescale in the alpine meadow.     

Landscape evolution in Val Mulix,eastern Swiss Alps – soil chemical and mineralogical analyses as age proxies

Towards the end of the last glacial cycle, repeated re-advances of valley glaciers in the European Alps combined with periglacial processes led to the formation of a variety of climate-related landforms. Independent age measurements of moraines and rock glacier lobes using both in-situ produced and meteoric ¹⁰Be allows for the use of soil formation as an age proxy. In this complementary study we present chemical and mineralogical data from five Podzols from Val Mulix in Eastern Switzerland. Two of them developed on granitic Lateglacial moraines (14.9 ka and 10.7 ka, respectively) and three were sampled on lobes of a morphostratigraphically connected relict rock glacier, covering an age range of approx. 10.7 ka to 8.6 ka. Besides the evaluation of the suitability of selected pedosignatures for a relative age separation, we hypothesised that these pedosignatures should give further information about the evolution of the specific sites. Although the soils had a high skeleton content and the oldest soil started its development in a slightly colder climatic phase, typical weathering trends could still be detected. Whereas weathering indices such as the (K + Ca)/Ti ratio or the B-index reflect time trends reasonably well, the mineralogical composition of the fine earth and clay fraction yielded a slightly more inconsistent picture; to a lesser extent, some inconsistencies were also exhibited when using the weathering mass balance approach. This is especially true for the relict rock glacier and it supports the suggested complex development history of these soils as well as the presence of pre-weathered material. Techniques that include several surface soil horizons and the soil skeleton such as the (K + Ca)/Ti ratio, the B-index and the mass balance approach gave more robust results (in terms of the expected chronology) than the ones that only referred to single horizons (clay mineralogy). Errors or variations due to potential reallocation processes within the soil horizons but without a prominent change of the overall soil characteristics are minimised using such an approach. Weathering indexes and the clay mineral assemblage provided a differentiation of soils even within a relatively narrow time range and gave insight into processes that have occurred at the specific sites. The combined relative-numerical dating approach used here not only enables an extended interpretation and mutual control, but ultimately leads to a better understanding of landscape reconstruction and evolution.     

放牧对高寒草甸土壤全氮含量影响的初步探究

该实验通过对中国科学院海北高寒草句生态系统实验站地区,连续放牧、间隔放牧和未放牧三种放牧类型的草地土壤中全氮含量的测定,初步得出土壤全氮含量不仅受土壤类型、气候等的影响,更受放牧类型的影响。结果表明,间隔放牧类型的土壤全氮含量最高,为土壤肥力评价及合理放牧等提供了依据。